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    June 23

    大师和玛格丽特

    周末心血来潮又去了三联书店,买到了架上最后一本已经有点破损的《大师和玛格丽特》。回来后迅猛读完。迅猛的有点不像话,尤其是对于一本作者写了二十年到死都没定稿的小说。
    但迅猛是有原因的,因为这第一遍只能飞着读,读着飞。考虑到这本书是布尔加科夫上世纪二三十年代写就的,它开阖于时空和阴阳的结构就更牛逼了。虽然关于时代的联想不可避免,比如讲到珠宝商遗孀以及住在那幢宅子里的人都莫名其妙消失,还是直指斯大林时代的大清洗;虽然对莫斯科众生相的描述充满了丧失信仰的社会主义国家的现实再现,像很多俄罗斯巨匠一样,写作的社会性被置前——不过这一切都非常精彩,但撇开这一切,单就写作本身的智慧和技巧而言,简直接近我梦中的小说。
    上网搜了一番各种点评,最喜欢看作家评论别人的作品,因为这评论里面舍弃了什么,突出了什么,特别能反映评论者的优劣。余华对本书的结构有如下理解:“他干脆放任自己的叙述,让自己的想象和感受尽情发挥,直到淋漓尽致之时,他才会做出结构上的考虑。”我认为这是个莫大的误解,余华自己的小说永远实现不了有力复杂坚挺的结构,跟他对结构的理解直接有关。他最精彩的评论是对人物的评论:“大师和玛格丽特,这是两个雕像般的人物,他们具有不可思议的完美,布尔加科夫让他们来自现实,又不给予他们现实的性格。”余华自己是个靠人物立小说的作者,因此对人物的方面着眼和理解就都很到位。
    如果我要在这小说里找一个对应者,应当就是那个本丢彼拉多。“我罗马五代总督,金矛骑士本丢彼拉多,怎么能为了你这样一个忤逆凯撒的罪人毁了前程?!”然后花上一千五百年,苦苦梦想月光之路上,能跟耶稣再次交谈。

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